Showing 25 posts (Page 6 of 17)
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Explore the fundamental differences between FDD and TDD in wireless communication. Learn about frequency allocation, synchronization, hardware complexity, and their suitability for various scenarios.
Explore the key differences between Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques, including bandwidth efficiency, data rate, and applications.
Explore the working principles, advantages, and applications of fiber optic position sensors for high-precision measurements in various industries.
Explore fiber optic sensors: their working principles, types (intrinsic, extrinsic, hybrid), and diverse applications in mechanical, chemical, and structural health monitoring.
Learn the essential first aid procedures for victims of electric shock and burns, providing immediate relief before professional medical help arrives.
Learn about floating-point to fixed-point conversion, including a C code example for converting I/Q data and hex-to-decimal values. Ideal for ADC output analysis.
Explore food adulteration, its definition, and detection methods like the electronic nose and optoelectronic sensing. Also discusses advantages/disadvantages.
Explore FPGA architecture, including CLBs, IOBs, and interconnection networks. Understand key components like LUTs, flip-flops, and memory blocks in modern FPGAs.
Explore GNSS data processing within 5G mobile phones, covering GNSS architecture, signal processing steps, and key components. The article also outlines the GNSS architecture typically found in these devices.
Explore the GPRS protocol stack, detailing the functions of Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3, including SM, GMM, SNDCP, LLC, RLC, MAC, and the physical layer.
Learn about GPS spoofing, including its types and prevention methods for ships, cars, smartphones, and drones.
Understand GSM timing advance errors, their impact on burst measurements, and how test systems like the Rohde & Schwarz CRTU validate mobile transmissions.
Explore GSM control channel processing in the physical layer, covering SACCH, FACCH, BCCH, PCH, AGCH, and more, as per 3GPP TS 45.003.
Learn about the packet switched (PS) call flow in GSM downlink for data transfer. Understand GPRS attach, PDP context activation, and the channels involved.
Overview of Frame Error Rate (FER) testing limits for GSM user equipment (UE) in the 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands according to 3GPP TS 51.010.
This article explains GSM handover failures from UTRAN due to physical channel issues, leading to timer T313 expiry, and outlines the handover procedure.
Explore the causes of GSM handover and cell reselection failures due to CRC errors, including interference, power issues, and algorithm limitations.
Explanation of a GSM network issue where a UE sends a SABM frame but receives a DM response instead of the expected UA, indicating connection establishment failure.
Explore the GSM Mobile Originated (MO) call flow, detailing the messages exchanged between the mobile device and network layers during call setup and release.
Understand the GSM Mobile Terminated (MT) call flow, including message exchanges between the UE and network layers, and channels used.
Explore GSM packet-switched channels, focusing on GPRS (CS1-CS4) and EGPRS (MCS1-MCS9) coding schemes at the physical layer. Understand data rates and robustness trade-offs.
Explore the GSM physical layer (layer-1) functions, including baseband processing, FEC, ciphering, burst formation, and modulation for mobile station transmission.
Explore the GSM protocol stack and architecture for Mobile Stations (MS) and Base Transceiver Stations (BTS), covering Layer 1 (PHY) and Layer 2 (LAPD, LAPDm).
Explore GSM Layer 3 responsibilities, covering RRM, MM, CM, SCCP, and BSSMAP protocols. Understand message types and protocol discriminators.
Explores the causes and mechanisms behind radio link failure in GSM networks, covering both mobile and network perspectives.
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