LoRaWAN Relay : Working & Manufacturers

Introduction : A LoRaWAN Relay is a special device that sits between end devices (i.e. sensors) and LoRaWAN gateways to extend network coverage. It works like a range extender or signal forwarder. It is useful in areas where direct communication with gateway is difficult such as deep indoors, underground, remote sites etc.

Functions & Working

1. End device sends its uplink packet which is received by Relay. The Relay then forwards it to the gateway.
2. Gateway sends downlink packet to Relay which then forwards it to the end device.
3. Relay wraps the original device frame inside its own LoRaWAN frame. The Network Server knows how to unwrap it and deliver it to the correct end device.
4. It helps devices present in shadowed or obstructed environments to connect with each other.
5. It helps in maintaining end to end security as AppSKey and NwkSKey are not exposed to the relay.

Manufacturers

Unlike transceivers and concentrators, relays are less standardized and only a few manufacturers currently provide commercial LoRaWAN relay solutions.

Conclusion: LoRaWAN Relays extend the network’s coverage by forwarding messages from end devices that are out of direct range of a gateway, enabling wider reach without the need for dense gateway deployment. While relays introduce some trade offs in terms of latency, capacity, and network complexity, they offer a practical and cost effective solution for connecting remote or hard to reach IoT devices