3 Port Circulator S-Matrix | 4 Port Circulator S-Matrix
This page describes 3 Port Circulator S-Matrix (Scattering Matrix) and 4 Port Circulator S-Matrix (Scattering Matrix). It also covers basics of 3 Port and 4-port Circulators.
What are 3-Port circulator and 4-Port Circulator?
Circulator is a multiport device in which RF signal travels from one port to the next in one direction (either clockwise or anti-clockwise) only. Based on number of ports, there are two types of circulator viz. 3-port circulator and 4-port circulator.
The figure-1 depicts 3-port RF circulator application note. The signal to be transmitted travels from port-1 to port-2 and signal received at antenna travels from port-2 to port-3 as shown.
3 Port Circulator S-Matrix | 4 Port Circulator S-Matrix
The 3 port circulator is formed by a 120 degree H-plane waveguide or
by using strip line symmetrical Y junction with a central ferrite disc.
3-port circulator S-matrix can be expressed as follows.
[S] =
|0 0 S13|
|S21 0 0 |
|0 S32 0 |
The figure-2 depicts S matrix of perfectly matched, lossless, non-reciprocal 3 port circulator.
The 4 port circulator can be made using two magic-T and a non reciprocal 180 degree phase shifter. It can also be made using a combination of two 3-dB side hole directional couplers with two non reciprocal phase shifters. The figure-3 depicts S matrix of perfectly matched, lossless, non-reciprocal 4 port circulator.
RF Circulator Related Links
3 Port Circulator Vs 4 Port Circulator
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RF Circulator Application Notes
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S-Matrix of other RF devices
3-port and 4-port circulator S-matrix
RF Isolator S-matrix
Magic Tee S-matrix
Rat Race Coupler S-matrix
Branch Line Coupler S-matrix
Directional Coupler S-matrix
Fixed Attenuator S-matrix
Hybrid Ring S-matrix
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