Monostatic radar vs Bistatic radar-Difference between Monostatic radar and Bistatic radar
This page compares Monostatic radar vs Bistatic radar and mentions difference between Monostatic radar and Bistatic radar types.
Monostatic Radar

Figure-1 depicts monostatic radar block diagram. As shown it uses same antenna for both transmit and receive. As there is single antenna used for both the directions, duplexer is needed to separate the transmit chain from receive chain and vice versa.
Monostatic Radar equation is expressed as follows:
PR = ( pt * G2* λ2*σM )/((4*π)3*d4*Lt*Lr*Lm)
Where,
PR =Total power received at the receiving antenna
G =Gain of the Antenna
λ = Wavelength = c/frequency, where in c = 3 x 108
pt = Peak transmit Power
d = distance between radar and target
Lt=transmitter losses
Lr=Receiver losses
Lm=Medium losses
σM = Radar Cross Section of the target.
Bistatic Radar

Figure-2 depicts bistatic radar block diagram.
As shown it uses two separate antennas for transmitter and receiver and are located at different locations.
EXAMPLE: CW radar can be used as bistatic radar as well as monostatic radar(when distance between antennas is very less).
Bistatic Radar equation is expressed as follows:
PR = ( pt * Gt*Gr* λ2*σB )/((4*π)3*dt2*dr2*Lt*Lr*Lm)
Where,
PR =Total power received at the receiving antenna
Gt =Gain of the transmitting antenna
Gr =Gain of the receiving antenna
λ = Wavelength = c/frequency, where in c = 3 x 108
pt = Peak transmit Power
dt = distance between object(i.e.) and radar transmitting antenna
dr = distance between object and receiving antenna of radar.
Lt=transmitter losses
Lr=Receiver losses
Lm=Medium losses
σB = (4*π*Ae2)/λ2
Here Ae is object projected area.
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