UWB Antenna : Basics, Types and Manufacturers

Introduction : An Ultra-Wideband (UWB) system is a wireless communication system that transmits data using very short duration pulses over a very wide frequency spectrum. Instead of continuous narrowband carriers, UWB uses pulse based transmission, which spreads energy across a wide range of frequencies.

Key UWB Features

• Frequency range : Approx. 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz; regulated by FCC for communication
• Uses high bandwidth which delivers higher data rates
• Uses low transmission power which introduces minimal interference with narrowband systems.
• It offers very short range i.e. 10 to 30 meters (Typically).

• The figure-1 depicts how input data are processed before transmission into the air by UWB antenna.

Function and Specifications

The UWB antenna converts electrical UWB pulses into EM waves and vice versa. It operates efficiently across several GHz of bandwidth without distortion. Following are technical specifications of Taoglas UWB antenna (Part no : FXUWB10.01).

• Frequency Range : 3.1 GHz to 10.3 GHz
• Gain (Max.) : 4 dB
• Dimensions : 34.9 mm x 24.5 mm x 0.24 mm
• Mechanical Style : Flex PCB
• Mounting Style : Adhesive
• Check Website https://www.taoglas.com/ for more details.

Types of UWB Antenna

1. Planar Monopole Antennas : simple, compact, widely used.

2. Slot Antennas : Good for integration into circuit boards.

3. Vivaldi Antennas : highly directional, used in radar & imaging. Also known as Tapered Slot antenna.

4. Horn Antennas : wideband, high gain, Used in testing purpose.

Conclusion: A UWB system is short range, high data rate wireless system which spreads signals over very wide frequency band using short pulses. The antenna plays a vital role by ensuring wideband operation, low distortion, and appropriate radiation patterns, making it the key enabler for UWB communication, sensing and imaging applications.