Difference between UAV vs HAPS vs Satellite

Introduction : In modern communication and surveillance systems, UAVs (i.e. Drones), HAPS (High Altitude Platform Stations) and Satellites are three key technologies that extend connectivity and coverage beyond traditional networks.

UAV

• It is the short form of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, also known as drone.
• It is a small aerial platform which can be controlled remotely or operate autonomously.
• It operates at the low altitude (up to 5-10 Km)
• It is used for surveillance, delivery, photography, agriculture and communication relays
• Offers limited coverage, lower latency

HAPS

• It is the short form of High Altitude Platform Station
• It can be aircraft, balloon or solar powered drone positioned in the stratosphere at the altitude of about 17-22 Km.
• Offers wide coverage, medium latency compared to satellite
• It acts like “Cell tower in the sky”
• It is used for broadband connectivity, disaster recovery & rural internet

Satellite

• It orbits Earth at LEO (~500 to 2000 Km), MEO (~10,000) or GEO (~36000 Km).
• Offers very wide coverage (both global or regional level)
• It is used for TV Broadcasting, GPS, weather forecasting, global internet, defense etc.
• It is expensive to launch and has higher latency (especially in GEO).

Key differences

Conclusion:

In summary, UAVs, HAPS and Satellites serve complementary roles in the communication ecosystem. Each operates at a different altitude, from low flying drones to stratospheric HAPS and space based satellites, offering unique advantages in terms of coverage, cost, latency and applications.