FSK Modulation in MATLAB: Code, Explanation, and Results

This document provides an overview of Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation, along with corresponding MATLAB code. We’ll explore the underlying principles, the MATLAB implementation, and the expected input/output behavior.

Introduction to FSK Modulation

FSK, or Frequency Shift Keying, is a digital modulation technique where the frequency of a carrier signal is varied according to the digital data being transmitted (1 or 0). Essentially:

• Binary Logic 1: Represented by a higher carrier frequency (f1).
• Binary Logic 0: Represented by a lower carrier frequency (f2).

Figure 1: FSK Modulation

As depicted above, the inputs are digital binary data and an analog carrier signal, and the output is the analog FSK modulated signal.

FSK modulation offers improved noise immunity, but this comes at the expense of requiring a larger bandwidth compared to other modulation techniques.

MATLAB Code for FSK Modulation

clear;
clc;

b = input('Enter the Bit stream \n ');
%b = [0 1 0 1 1 1 0];
n = length(b);
t = 0:.01:n;
x = 1:1:(n+1)*100;

for i = 1:n
    if (b(i) == 0)
        b_p(i) = -1;
    else
        b_p(i) = 1;
    end
    for j = i:.1:i+1
        bw(x(i*100:(i+1)*100)) = b_p(i);
    end
end

bw = bw(100:end);
wo = 2*(2*pi*t);
W = 1*(2*pi*t);
sinHt = sin(wo+W);
sinLt = sin(wo-W);
st = sin(wo+(bw).*W);

subplot(4,1,1)
plot(t,bw)
grid on ;
axis([0 n -2 +2])

subplot(4,1,2)
plot(t,sinHt)
grid on ;
axis([0 n -2 +2])

subplot(4,1,3)
plot(t,sinLt)
grid on ;
axis([0 n -2 +2])

subplot(4,1,4)
plot(t,st)
grid on ;
axis([0 n -2 +2])

Fs=1;
figure
%pburg(st,10)
periodogram(st)

Code Explanation

1. Initialization: The script starts by clearing the workspace and command window.
2. Input: The user is prompted to enter the bit stream. Example: [0 1 0 1 1 1 0].
3. Bit Representation: The code maps binary 0 to -1 and binary 1 to 1. This is represented by b_p.
4. Waveform Generation: Sine waves are generated for the higher frequency (sinHt) and lower frequency (sinLt) carriers. The st variable holds the final FSK modulated signal.
5. Plotting: The code plots the following in subplots:
   • Binary data representation.
   • High-frequency carrier.
   • Low-frequency carrier.
   • FSK modulated signal.
6. Periodogram: A periodogram is generated to display the frequency spectrum of the FSK signal.

Input and Output

After unzipping and running the FSKModulation.m file in MATLAB, you will be prompted to enter the bit stream.

Figure 2: Input Prompt

Enter your desired bit stream (e.g., [0 1 0 1 1 1 0]) and press “ENTER.” The script will then generate the output plots and the periodogram.

Figure 3: Output Plots

The output displays the binary input, the high and low-frequency carriers, and the resulting FSK modulated signal. The periodogram shows the frequency components of the FSK signal.

Download

You can download the MATLAB code as a .rar file here: Download FSKModulation rar file