What is Attenuator in Microwave and Its Types
Microwave attenuators play a critical role in managing signal strength within communication systems. This page explores what a microwave attenuator is, its primary functions, various types and their applications across industries. Attenuators are widely employed in RF testing, signal control and power management to achieve precise signal levels in communication and radar systems.
The attenuators are basically passive devices which control power levels in microwave system by absorpsion of the signal. Attenuator which attenuates the RF signal in a waveguide system is referred as waveguide attenuator. There are two main types fixed and variable. They are achieved by insertion of resistive films.
Types of Microwave Attenuators
1. Fixed Attenuators: Provide a constant attenuation level. Used in systems requiring stable signal control.
2. Variable Attenuators: Allow adjustment of attenuation levels. Common in testing setups and dynamic environments.
3. Step Attenuators: Offer discrete steps of attenuation. Used in systems requiring precise and repeatable control.
4. Programmable Attenuators: Controlled electronically or via software. Suitable for automated and remote applications.
5. Coaxial Attenuators: Designed for coaxial cable systems. Ensure minimal reflection and high-frequency compatibility.
Coaxial line attenuator
Figure-1
This figure depicts coaxial line based fixed type of attenuator. Here resistive film is fixed at the centre conductor which absorb the power and as a result of power loss and hence microwave signal gets attenuated. This is referred as coaxial line attenuator.
Waveguide attenuator
Figure-2
This figure depicts waveguide based fixed type of attenuator. Here thin dielectric strip with coated resistive film is placed at the centre of waveguide. Film is placed in the waveguide parallel to the maximum E field.
In a variable type of waveguide attenuator, resistive vane is moved from one side of the wall to the centre by using screw where E field is considered to be maximum. This resistive film is shaped to give linear attenuation variation.
Waveguide attenuator manufacturers
Following are manufacturers of waveguide attenuators of various types. It covers low power, high power, fixed and variable types for
wide range of frequencies. It covers attenuation range from 0 to 40 dB and more. These manufacturers also manufacture waveguide switch, waveguide adapter and other useful
waveguide components.
• Waveguide Solution Limited, UK.
• Flann Microwave Ltd.
• Advanced Technical Materials Inc.
• Millitech Inc.
• Elmika, Lithuania
• CERNEX, Inc.
• Keysight Technologies
• Vector Telecom
• Pivotone Communication Technologies,Inc.
• LUSO ELECTRONICS
• Microwave Communications Laboratories, Inc.
• Microlab, A Wireless Telecom Group Company.
• Wenteq Microwave Corporation
• Zysen Technology Co., Ltd.
• RF Com Limited
• Antenna Systems and Solutions
Conclusion
Microwave attenuators ensure precise signal control in high frequency applications. Understanding their types helps in selecting the right one for specific requirements, making them invaluable in modern communication and radar systems.