Advantages of S Parameters | disadvantages of S Parameters | S-Matrix
This page covers advantages and disadvantages of S Parameters (S-Matrix).It mentions S Parameters advantages or benefits and S Parameters disadvantages or drawbacks. S Parameters are derived from S-Matrix.
What is S-matrix?
• S-matrix is composed of S-parameters or scattering parameters.
• It is known as scattering matrix.
• It describes electrical behavior of linear electrical networks when
subjected to steady state stimuli with the help of electrical signals.
• They do not use open circuit and short circuit conditions.
• They use matched loads to characterize linear electrical network due to ease at higher
frequencies compare to short/open circuit terminations. Following figure depicts 2-port network with
s-parameters. A set of linear equations are written to describe network
in terms of injected and transmitted waves.
➨Sij = bi/aj = [(Power measured at port-i)/(Power injected at port-j)]0.5
Where,
Sii = ratio of reflected power to injected power at port-i
Sij = ratio of power measured at port-j to power injected at port-i
• Electrical circuit or network is composed of inductors, capacitors or resistors in its
basic form. Some of their parameters such as return loss, insertion loss, gain,
VSWR, reflection coefficients are represented by S-parameters.
• S-parameters are similar to other parameters such as Z-parameters,
Y-parameters, H-parameters, T-parameters, abcd-parameters etc.
• Following equations are used to derive various S-parameters such as
S11, S12, S21 and S22.
Benefits or advantages of S Parameters | S-Matrix
Following are the benefits or advantages of S Parameters:
➨It helps in ease of measurement at high frequencies compare to open/short current and voltage.
➨S-parameters are used to extract transmission line parameters such as R, L, C, G, TD and Z0.
➨The return loss, insertion loss, gain, VSWR, reflection coefficients and transmission coefficients
of the network are derived using S-parameters.
➨Behaviour of S-parameters can be used to gain intuition of signal integrity
problems.
➨It is easy to convert S-parameters of S-matrix to
other parameters such as Z-parameters,
Y-parameters, H-parameters, T-parameters and abcd-parameters.
Drawbacks or disadvantages of S Parameters | S-Matrix
Following are the drawbacks or disadvantages of S Parameters:
➨It is useful in frequency domain analysis and not time domain analysis.
➨Most of the silicon loads are non-linear. Moreover
most of the digital circuits operate using voltage thresholds. These applications require time domain analysis which is not possible using
S-parameters.
➨Conversion between time domain and frequency domain introduces errors.
➨Though it is possible to cascade S-parameters, it gets messy. Hence it is
done in better way using ABCD parameters.
Refer conversion from S-parameters to ABCD-parameters >> and
vice versa.
➨It is not possible to describe network in terms of both voltage and current waves using S-parameters.
For this ABCD parameters are used.
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