1-Wire vs. I2C: Interface Protocol Differences Explained

This article delves into the distinctions between 1-wire and 2-wire (specifically, I2C) interface protocols. We’ll explore the key differences between these communication methods, outlining their strengths and weaknesses to help you choose the right protocol for your application.

The following table summarizes the key differences:

Specifications1 Wire Interface Protocol2 Wire Interface Protocol (I2C)
Number of linesUses a single data line and no clock, requiring at least two wires (data and GND).Uses a clock line and data line, requiring four wires (MISO, MOSI, SCLK, SS).
Clock signalNot required, as each of the slave devices is clocked using an internal oscillator. The oscillator is synchronized to the falling edge of the master.Requires a separate SCL line. It is low at the START of communication and high at the END of communication. This is referred to as the START and STOP condition.
Type of communicationHalf-duplexFull-duplex
Hardware complexityLessMore
Software complexityMoreLess
CostCheaper (i.e., economical)Costlier
SupplyParasitic supply (i.e., draws power from the data line)External supply is needed for its operation.
Supply voltage rangeUsually from 2.8V (min.) to 5.25V (max.)+5V or +3.3V or lower
Device addressing64-bitUses 7-bit, 8-bit, or 9-bit device addressing.
ModesStrictly master-slave; multiple slaves are supported in multi-drop mode.Multi-master is supported.
Data rate/speed16.3 Kbps (standard mode), 163 Kbps (overdrive mode)Slower, about 400 Kbps (much faster with faster I2C implementations)
Voltage for logic 0 and 1Uses CMOS/TTL levels. Logic 0 is represented by 0.8V (max.) and logic 1 is represented by 2.2V (min.). Often represented by variations in pulse width (logic 0 wider, logic 1 narrower), similar to PWM.Voltage levels are not fixed due to various technologies (NMOS, CMOS, Bipolar). VIL is usually represented by 0.3VDD and VIH is represented by 0.7VDD.
Power consumptionLowerHigher
DistanceLongerShorter
References

Key Takeaways and Further Exploration

In essence, 1-wire offers simplicity with its minimal wiring, making it suitable for applications where cost is a major constraint and lower data rates are acceptable. However, this simplicity comes at the cost of increased software complexity.

I2C, on the other hand, provides higher speed and multi-master support but demands more wiring and potentially higher power consumption.