Difference between 1D UWSN vs 2D-UWSN vs 3D-UWSN vs 4D-UWSN
This page compares 1D UWSN vs 2D-UWSN vs 3D-UWSN vs 4D-UWSN Underwater Sensor Network types and mentions basic difference between 1D UWSN, 2D-UWSN, 3D-UWSN and 4D-UWSN.
1D UWSN | Underwater Sensor Network
The underwater sensor networks are designed to operate under water. Water is used as communication channel for communication. A typical underwater sensor network composed of transmitter and receiver part. Due to limitations of EM waves and Optical waves acoustic waves are used for communication in underwater sensor based networks. Refer Underwater Wireless Communication➤➤
This technology which works by emitting sound pulses and detecting or measuring reflected pulses is known as SONAR. SONAR locates object by estimation of acoustic travel time and direction of arrival between sonar sensor and the object. SONAR technology is similar to radar, ultrasound and seismics technologies. There are two types of SONAR viz. active sonar and passive sonar >>.
There are two types of architectures in underwater sensor network (UWSN) viz. centralized and de-centralized. In centralized architecture, a group of sensor nodes are installed at the bottom of ocean. These nodes communicate with one or more underwater installed sinks (uw-sinks). These uw-sinks operate as relays between underwater nodes and surface station.
In decentralized architecture, nodes communicate with sea surface station via their neighbour nodes. There is no uw-sinks or relays needed. Nodes are installed at different layers of depth. Nodes at the bottom communicate with the nodes which is above it and lesser in the ocean depth and so on. This way information reaches till the upper part of the nodes which are in range with the sea surface station. This way ocean information reaches to surface station.
1D (One-dimensional) UWSN architecture refers to a network where sensor nodes are deployed autonomously and work on a stand alone network. As mentioned above, each sensor node directly transmits information to a remote sea surface station. The figure depicts 1D UWSN, 2D UWSN, 3D UWSN and 4D UWSN. As shown underwater nodes, AUV, Boat and Buoy communicate using RF signals (i.e. wireless link).
2D-UWSN
• In 2D-UWSN communication is carried out in two ways.
• Each member of sensor cluster communicates with its anchor node (with horizontal communication link)
• Later anchor node communicates with the surface buoyant node (with vertical communication link).
3D-UWSN
• In 3D UWSN architecture, sensors are deployed in the form of clusters which are anchored at different
depths and heights.
• 3D UWSN are of two types viz. static 3D UWSN and 3D UWSN using AUV (Autonomous
UnderWater Vehicle).
4D-UWSN
• 4D UWSN architecture is combination of fixed 3D UWSN and mobile UWSN.
• This 4D-UWSN with acoustic sensor networks and under water mobile (ROVs, AUVs) sensor networks can be used on large scale for
exploration in the deep sea. ROV stands for Remotely Operated Vehicles where as AUV stands for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle.
• Mobile underwater ROVs collect data from anchor nodes and relay it to the remote station.
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